Do Foster Babies Have a Social Security Number
In the United States, a Social Security number (SSN) is a nine-digit number issued to U.Southward. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents under department 205(c)(ii) of the Social Security Human action, codified equally . The number is issued to an individual past the Social Security Administration, an contained agency of the Us government. Although the original purpose for the number was for the Social Security Administration to track individuals,[one] the Social Security number has become a de facto national identification number for taxation and other purposes.[2]
A Social Security number may be obtained by applying on Course SS-5, Awarding for a Social Security Number Card.[3]
History [edit]
Social Security numbers were beginning issued by the Social Security Assistants in Nov 1935 as part of the New Deal Social Security programme. Inside three months, 25 1000000 numbers were issued.[4]
On November 24, 1936, one,074 of the nation's 45,000 mail service offices were designated "typing centers" to type up Social Security cards that were then sent to Washington, D.C. On December 1, 1936, every bit office of the publicity campaign for the new program, Joseph L. Fay of the Social Security Administration selected a record from the meridian of the first stack of one,000 records and appear that the offset Social Security number in history was assigned to John David Sweeney, Jr., of New Rochelle, New York. However, since the Social Security numbers were not assigned in chronological order, Sweeney did not receive the lowest Social Security number, 001-01-0001. That stardom belongs to Grace D. Owen of Agree, New Hampshire.[5] [six]
Before 1986, people often did non obtain a Social Security number until the historic period of about 14,[7] since the numbers were used for income tracking purposes, and those under that historic period seldom had substantial income.[8] The Tax Reform Human activity of 1986 required parents to list Social Security numbers for each dependent over the age of 5 for whom the parent wanted to claim a tax deduction.[ix] Before this human action, parents challenge tax deductions were just trusted not to prevarication virtually the number of children they supported. During the showtime year of the Tax Reform Act, this anti-fraud change resulted in seven million fewer small dependents existence claimed. The disappearance of these dependents is believed to have involved either children who never existed or tax deductions improperly claimed by not-custodial parents.[10] In 1988, the threshold was lowered to ii years old, and in 1990, the threshold was lowered yet again to 1 year old.[11] Today, an SSN is required regardless of the kid'due south age to receive an exemption.[ citation needed ] Since then, parents take ofttimes applied for Social Security numbers for their children soon after birth; today, it can be done on the awarding for a birth document.[12]
Purpose and employ [edit]
The original purpose of this number was to track individuals' accounts within the Social Security program. It has since come to be used as an identifier for individuals within the United States, although rare errors occur where duplicates exercise exist. A few duplications did occur when prenumbered cards were sent out to regional SSA offices and (originally) post offices.
Employee, patient, student, and credit records are sometimes indexed by Social Security number.
The U.S. Armed Forces have used the Social Security number equally an identification number for Regular army and Air Strength personnel since July ane, 1969, the Navy and Marine Corps for their personnel since January 1, 1972, and the Coast Guard for their personnel since October 1, 1974.[thirteen] Previously, the United states of america military machine used a much more complicated organization of service numbers that varied by service.
First in June 2011, the DOD began removing the Social Security number from armed forces identification cards, replacing them with a unique DOD identification number, formally known as the EDIPI.[14]
Non-universal status [edit]
An old Social Security card with the "non for identification" bulletin
Social Security was originally a universal taxation, but when Medicare was passed in 1965, objecting religious groups in beingness prior to 1951 were allowed to opt out of the organisation.[15] Because of this, non every American is part of the Social Security program, and non anybody has a number. Yet, a Social Security number is required for parents to claim their children as dependents for federal income tax purposes,[12] and the Internal Revenue Service requires all corporations to obtain SSNs (or alternative identifying numbers) from their employees, as described below. The Erstwhile Club Amish have fought to prevent universal Social Security by overturning rules such as a requirement to provide a Social Security number for a hunting license.[sixteen]
Social Security cards printed from January 1946 until Jan 1972 expressly stated that people should not use the number and bill of fare for identification.[17] Since nearly anybody in the U.s.a. at present has an SSN, information technology became convenient to use it anyway and the message was removed.[18]
Since and then, Social Security numbers take get de facto national identification numbers.[two] Although some people do not have an SSN assigned to them, it is becoming increasingly difficult to engage in legitimate financial activities such as applying for a loan or a banking company account without one.[19] While the government cannot require an individual to disembalm their SSN without a legal ground, companies may pass up to provide service to an individual who does not provide an SSN.[20] [21] The card on which an SSN is issued is notwithstanding not suitable for primary identification as information technology has no photo, no physical description, and no birth appointment. All it does is confirm that a detail number has been issued to a particular name. Instead, a driver'due south license or state ID menu is used as an identification for adults.
Utilize required for federal revenue enhancement purposes [edit]
Social Security card with legend "for Social Security and revenue enhancement purposes" (1961)
Internal Acquirement Code section 6109(d) provides: "The social security account number issued to an private for purposes of department 205(c)(2)(A) of the Social Security Deed [codified as ] shall, except as shall otherwise be specified under regulations of the Secretarial assistant [of the Treasury or his delegate], be used equally the identifying number for such individual for purposes of this championship [the Internal Revenue Code, title 26 of the U.s. Lawmaking]."[22]
The Internal Revenue Code also provides, when required past regulations prescribed by the secretary of the treasury or their delegate:
- Inclusion in returns: Any person required under the authority of this title to make a render, statement, or other certificate shall include in such return, argument, or other document such identifying number as may exist prescribed for securing proper identification of such person.
- Furnishing number to other persons: Any person with respect to whom a render, statement, or other document is required nether the authority of this championship to be made past another person or whose identifying number is required to be shown on a return of another person shall replenish to such other person such identifying number equally may be prescribed for securing their proper identification.[23]
According to U.S. Treasury regulations, any person who, after October 31, 1962, works as an employee for wages subject to Social Security taxes, Medicare taxes, or U.S. federal income revenue enhancement withholdings is required to apply for "an account number" using Form SS-5.[24]
A taxpayer who is not eligible to have a Social Security number must obtain an alternative Taxpayer Identification Number.
[edit]
Iv dissimilar classifications of Social Security cards are issued. Such cards are issued by geographic location (SSN Area Number) to:
- persons of natural birth within the territorial boundaries of any one of the member States of the U.s.a.;
- persons who go U.S. citizens by oath, or birth inside the sectional legislative or territorial jurisdiction of the U.S. government;
- persons who become U.South. permanent residents;
- persons with certain restrictions.
At that place are two restricted types of Social Security cards:
- One reads "not valid for employment." Such cards cannot exist used equally proof of work say-so, and are not acceptable as a List C document on the I-9 class.
- The other reads "valid for work only with DHS authority", or the older, "valid for work only with INS dominance." These cards are issued to people who accept temporary work authorization in the U.S from the Department of Homeland Security -- the nation'south border agency. They tin can satisfy the I-nine requirement, if they are accompanied past a work authorization menu.
The cards ordinarily display the cardholder'southward name and number.
In 2004 Congress passed The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act; parts of which mandated that the Social Security Administration redesign the SSN card to foreclose forgery. From Apr 2006 through August 2007, the SSA and Government Printing Office (GPO) employees were assigned to redesign the Social Security number card to the specifications of the Interagency Task Forcefulness created past the commissioner of Social Security in consultation with the secretarial assistant of Homeland Security.
The new SSN carte du jour design utilizes both covert and overt security features created by the SSA and GPO blueprint teams.
Identity theft [edit]
Many citizens and privacy advocates are concerned about the disclosure and processing of Social Security numbers. Furthermore, researchers at Carnegie Mellon Academy accept demonstrated an algorithm that uses publicly available personal information to reconstruct a given SSN.[25]
The SSN is frequently used by those involved in identity theft. This is because it is interconnected with many other forms of identification and people asking for it care for it equally an authenticator. Fiscal institutions generally crave an SSN to gear up bank accounts, credit cards, and loans—partly because they assume that no ane except the person it was issued to knows it.
Exacerbating the problem of using the Social Security number as an identifier is the fact that the Social Security card contains no biometric identifiers of any sort, making it essentially impossible to tell whether a person using a sure SSN truly belongs to someone without relying on other documentation (which may itself take been falsely procured through use of the fraudulent SSN). Congress has proposed federal laws that restrict the use of SSNs for identification and bans their use for a number of commercial purposes—due east.g., rental applications.[26]
The Internal Acquirement Service (IRS) offers alternatives to SSNs in some places where providing untrusted parties with identification numbers is essential. Revenue enhancement render preparers must obtain and apply a Preparer Tax Identification Number (PTIN) to include on their client's tax returns (equally office of signature requirements).[27] 24-hour interval care services have revenue enhancement benefits, and even a sole proprietor should give parents an EIN (employer identification number) to use on their tax return.
The Social Security Administration has suggested that, if asked to provide their Social Security number, a citizen should ask which law requires its use.[28] In accordance with §7213 of the ix/eleven Commission Implementation Act of 2004 and xx CFR 422.103, the number of replacement Social Security cards per person is generally express to iii per calendar year and x in a lifetime.[28]
Identity confusion has likewise occurred because of the use of local Social Security numbers by the Micronesia, the Republic of the Republic of the marshall islands, and the Republic of Palau, whose numbers overlap with those of residents of New Hampshire and Maine.[29]
Similarly, Social Security numbers are often valued information for hackers to gain in attacks such as social engineering attacks, where attackers try and dispense people into disclosing individual information. For example, in the social engineering attack involving Hewlett-Packard, executives hired private investigators to manipulate phone companies into disclosing calling information and social security numbers of employees they suspected were leaking information to the press.
Replacement numbers [edit]
A person can request a new Social Security number, but only under certain conditions:[30]
- Where sequential numbers assigned to members of the aforementioned family unit are causing problems.
- In the effect of duplicates having been issued.
- In cases where the person has been a victim of domestic violence or harassment, and at that place is a clear need to modify their number for their personal safety.[31]
- When a person has been a victim of identity theft, and his/her Social Security number continues to exist problematic.
- Where a person has a demonstrable religious objection to a number (such as certain Christians being averse to the number 666).
For all of these atmospheric condition, credible third-party evidence such as a restraining order or police force report is required.
Structure [edit]
The Social Security number is a nine-digit number in the format "AAA-GG-SSSS".[32] The number is divided into three parts: the beginning three digits, known as the expanse number because they were formerly assigned past geographical region; the middle two digits, known equally the group number; and the last four digits, known every bit the serial number.
On June 25, 2011, the SSA changed the SSN assignment process to "SSN randomization".[33] SSN randomization affected the SSN consignment procedure in the following ways:
- It eliminated the geographical significance of the first 3 digits of the SSN, referred to as the area number, by no longer allocating specific numbers by land for assignment to individuals.
- Information technology eliminated the significance of the highest group number assigned for each area number, and, as a result, the High Grouping List is frozen in time and tin exist used for validation of but those SSNs issued prior to the randomization implementation date.
- Previously unassigned expanse numbers have been introduced for assignment, excluding area numbers 000, 666 and 900–999.
Considering Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers (ITINs) are issued past the IRS, they were not affected by this SSA change.
Historical structure [edit]
Prior to the 2011 randomization process, the first three digits or surface area numbers were assigned by geographical region. Prior to 1973, cards were issued in local Social Security offices around the country and the area number represented the office lawmaking where the card was issued. This did not necessarily have to be in the expanse where the applicant lived, since a person could apply for their card in whatever Social Security part. Beginning in 1973, when the SSA began assigning SSNs and issuing cards centrally from Baltimore, the area number was assigned based on the ZIP Lawmaking in the mailing address provided on the application for the original Social Security carte du jour. The applicant'south mailing address did not have to be the same as their identify of residence. Thus, the area number did non necessarily represent the state of residence of the applicant regardless of whether the card was issued prior to, or afterward, 1973.
By and large, numbers were assigned beginning in the northeast and moving southward and due west, and so that people applying from addresses on the east coast had the everyman numbers and those on the w coast had the highest numbers. Every bit the areas assigned to a locality were exhausted, new areas from the pool were assigned, so some states had noncontiguous groups of numbers.
The eye two digits or group number range from 01 to 99. Even earlier SSN randomization, the group numbers were non assigned consecutively within an area. Instead, for authoritative reasons, group numbers were issued in the following order:[34]
- odd numbers from 01 through 09
- even numbers from x through 98
- even numbers from 02 through 08
- odd numbers from eleven through 99
As an example, group number 98 would be issued before 11.
The last four digits, which are serial numbers, "are the well-nigh of import to protect" and they can "open credit in your name, steal your money" and more.[35] Before SSN randomization took outcome, they represented a straight numerical sequence of digits from 0001 to 9999 within the grouping.
Valid SSNs [edit]
Prior to June 25, 2011, a valid SSN could not have an area number between 734 and 749, or higher up 772, the highest expanse number the Social Security Administration had allocated. Effective June 25, 2011, the SSA assigns SSNs randomly and allows for the assignment of area numbers between 734 and 749 and above 772 through the 800s.[36] This should not be dislocated with Tax Identification Numbers (TINs), which include boosted area numbers.[37]
Some special numbers are never allocated:
- Numbers with all zeros in any digit grouping (000-##-####, ###-00-####, ###-##-0000).[38] [39]
- Numbers with 666 or 900–999 (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) in the outset digit grouping.[38]
Until 2011, the SSA published the last group number used for each expanse number.[40] Since group numbers were allocated in a regular pattern, it was possible to identify an unissued SSN that independent an invalid group number. Now numbers are assigned randomly, and fraudulent SSNs are non easily detectable with publicly available information. Many online services, however, provide SSN validation.
Unlike many similar numbers, no check digit is included.
Exhaustion and re-use [edit]
The Social Security Administration does not reuse Social Security numbers. It has issued over 450 1000000 since the start of the plan, and at a use rate of virtually 5.5 million per yr. Information technology says information technology has plenty to final several generations without reuse or changing the number of digits.[41] However, there have been instances where multiple individuals have been inadvertently assigned the same Social Security number.[42]
SSNs used in advertising [edit]
Some SSNs used in advertising have rendered those numbers invalid. One famous case of this occurred in 1938 when the E. H. Ferree Company in Lockport, New York, decided to promote its production by showing how a Social Security card would fit into its wallets. A sample card, used for display purposes, was placed in each wallet, which was sold by Woolworth and other department stores beyond the land; the wallet manufacturer's vice president and treasurer Douglas Patterson used the actual SSN of his secretary, Hilda Schrader Whitcher.
Even though the card was printed in red (the real card is printed in blue) and had "specimen" printed across the forepart, many people used Whitcher's SSN equally their own. The Social Security Assistants'due south account of the incident also claims that the fake card was one-half the size of a existent carte du jour, despite a miniature bill of fare being useless for its purpose and despite Whitcher's holding ii cards of plainly identical size in the accompanying photograph. Over fourth dimension, the number that appeared (078-05-1120) has been claimed by a total of over forty,000 people as their own.[43] The SSA initiated an advertisement campaign stating that it was incorrect to employ the number (Hilda Whitcher was issued a new SSN). All the same, the number was institute to be in use past 12 individuals as late as 1977.[43]
More than recently, Todd Davis distributed his SSN in advertisements for his company's LifeLock identity theft protection service, which allowed his identity to exist stolen over a dozen times.[44] [45]
[edit]
List showing the geographical location of the first three digits of the Social Security numbers assigned in the Usa and its territories from 1973 until June 25, 2011. Repeated numbers bespeak that they accept been transferred to another location or they're shared past more than one location.
On June 25, 2011, the SSA inverse the SSN assignment process to "SSN randomization".[46] SSN randomization affects the SSN assignment process. Amongst its changes, it eliminates the geographical significance of the first three digits of the SSN, previously referred to as the Area Number, by no longer allocating the Area Numbers for consignment to individuals in specific states.
| SSN area number | Location[47] |
|---|---|
| 001–003 | New Hampshire |
| 004–007 | Maine |
| 008–009 | Vermont |
| 010–034 | Massachusetts |
| 035–039 | Rhode Isle |
| 040–049 | Connecticut |
| 050–134 | New York |
| 135–158 | New Bailiwick of jersey |
| 159–211 | Pennsylvania |
| 212–220 | Maryland |
| 221–222 | Delaware |
| 223–231 | Virginia |
| 232–236 | W Virginia |
| 232, 237–246 | Northward Carolina |
| 247–251 | South Carolina |
| 252–260 | Georgia |
| 261–267 | Florida |
| 268–302 | Ohio |
| 303–317 | Indiana |
| 318–361 | Illinois |
| 362–386 | Michigan |
| 387–399 | Wisconsin |
| 400–407 | Kentucky |
| 408–415 | Tennessee |
| 416–424 | Alabama |
| 425–428 | Mississippi |
| 429–432 | Arkansas |
| 433–439 | Louisiana |
| 440–448 | Oklahoma |
| 449–467 | Texas |
| 468–477 | Minnesota |
| 478–485 | Iowa |
| 486–500 | Missouri |
| 501–502 | Northward Dakota |
| 503–504 | S Dakota |
| 505–508 | Nebraska |
| 509–515 | Kansas |
| 516–517 | Montana |
| 518–519 | Idaho |
| 520 | Wyoming |
| 521–524 | Colorado |
| 525, 585 | New Mexico |
| 526–527 | Arizona |
| 528–529 | Utah |
| 530, 680 | Nevada |
| 531–539 | Washington |
| 540–544 | Oregon |
| 545–573 | California |
| 574 | Alaska |
| 575–576 | Hawaii |
| 577–579 | District of Columbia |
| 580 | U.S. Virgin Islands |
| 580–584 | Puerto Rico |
| 586 | Pacific Body of water territories
|
| 587–665 | California (Southern California and the Central Valley) & US Armed services Bases Worldwide |
| 667–679 | Not issued |
| 681–699 | Not issued |
| 700–728 | Railroad Retirement Board (discontinued July 1, 1963) |
| 729–730 | Enumeration at entry |
| 750-751 | Hawaii |
| 752-755 | Mississippi |
| 756-763 | Tennessee |
| 764-765 | Arizona |
| 766-772 | Florida |
Meet likewise [edit]
- Expiry Principal File
- National identification number
- Personally identifiable information
References [edit]
- ^ Pickett, Carolyn (2009). "The Story of the Social Security Number". Social Security Bulletin. Vol. 69, no. 2. U.s. Social Security Administration. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
- ^ a b Kouri, Jim (March 9, 2005). "Social Security Cards: De Facto National Identification". American Chronicle. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved October xix, 2018.
- ^ 20 CFR 422.103(b)
- ^ "Social Security: Chronology". United States Social Security Administration. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
- ^ "The "Beginning" Social Security Number; The Lowest Number". Social Security History. United states of america Social Security Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ "Get-go Applicant on Alimony List". Ogden Standard Examiner. Ogden, Utah. December 2, 1936. p. viii. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
- ^ Long, Wayne S. (Spring 1993). "Social Security Numbers Issued: A 20-Twelvemonth Review" (PDF). Social Security Journal. 56 (i): 82. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ Goldberg, Jack (October 17, 1993). "A strategy for assembling samples of adult twin pairs in the United States". Statistics in Medicine. 12 (eighteen): 1693–1702. doi:10.1002/sim.4780121805. PMID 8248662. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ "Tax Reform Deed of 1986". Social Security History. Us Social Security Administration. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
- ^ Liebman, Jeffrey B. (December 2000). "Who Are the Ineligible EITC Recipients?" (PDF). National Revenue enhancement Journal. 53 (four): 1165–1186. doi:ten.17310/ntj.2000.4S1.06. JSTOR 41789513. S2CID 35405024.
- ^ "Social Security Number Chronology". Social Security Administration. Retrieved Oct nineteen, 2018.
- ^ a b "Social Security Numbers For Children". Social Security Assistants. Dec 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ "Service Numbers and Social Security Numbers". National Athenaeum. 2016-08-15. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
- ^ Garamone, Jim (Apr 4, 2011). "DOD removes SSAN from ID cards". U.S. Ground forces . Retrieved Oct nineteen, 2018.
- ^ ""Pay Unto Caesar": The Amish & Social Security". AmishNews.com. Retrieved October xix, 2018.
- ^ "Amish turn down giving Social Security numbers to become licenses". The Chippewa Herald. August 30, 1999. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
- ^ "Version History". Social Security History. United States Social Security Assistants. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved Oct xix, 2018.
- ^ Pear, Robert (July 26, 1998). "The Nation; Non for Identification Purposes (But Kidding)". The New York Times . Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ "Social Security Number Not Required". Scribd.com. Apr 29, 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ Mullen, Charles H. (March eighteen, 1998). "Letter of the alphabet to Mr. Scott McDonald". Part of Public Enquiries, Social Security Assistants. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
- ^ "Can I refuse to give my Social Security number to a private business?". Oft Asked Questions. United States Social Security Assistants. May eighteen, 2018. Retrieved Oct nineteen, 2018.
- ^
- ^
- ^ 26 C.F.R. sec. 31.6011(b)-2(a)(1)(ii)
- ^ Timmer, John (July 17, 2009). "New algorithm guesses SSNs using date and place of birth". Ars Technica. Retrieved October xix, 2018.
- ^ Broache, Anne. "Congress may slap restrictions on SSN use - CNET News". News.cnet.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ "PTIN Requirements for Tax Return Preparers | Internal Acquirement Service". www.irs.gov . Retrieved 2021-02-xx .
- ^ a b "Your Social Security Number And Carte, "How can I protect my Social Security number?"". Social Security Administration. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
- ^ Meyer, Bill (August 17, 2009). "How many Americans' Social Security numbers were officially duplicated for Pacific islanders?". The Plainly Dealer. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ "Tin can I change my Social Security number?". Social Security Administration . Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ "New Numbers for Domestic Violence Victims" (PDF). Social Security Administration . Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
- ^
- ^ "Social Security Number Randomization". Socialsecurity.gov. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
- ^ "The SSN Numbering Scheme". SocialSecurity.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ "Did you know…? The terminal four digits of your Social Security ..."
- ^ "Social Security Number Allocations". Social Security Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ "Taxpayer Identification Numbers (Tin can)". Internal Acquirement Service. May 2, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ a b "Social Security Number Randomization". Social Security Administration. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
- ^ "RM 10201.035 Invalid Social Security Numbers (SSNs)". Program Operations Manual Organisation (POMS). U.s. Social Security Administration. June 23, 2011. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ "Loftier Group Listing And Other Means To Decide If An SSN Is Valid". Social Security Administration. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
- ^ "Q20: Are Social Security numbers reused after a person dies?". United States Social Security Assistants. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
- ^ Noyes, Katherine (November 12, 2015). "A tale of two women: same birthday, same Social Security number, same big-data mess". PC World. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ a b "Social Security Cards Issued past Woolworth". Social Security Administration. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
- ^ Zetter, Kim (May 18, 2010). "LifeLock CEO's Identity Stolen xiii Times". Wired . Retrieved Oct nineteen, 2018.
- ^ Vijayan, Jaikumar (May 19, 2010). "LifeLock CEO said to exist victim of identity theft xiii times". ComputerWorld . Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ "Social Security Number Randomization". SocialSecurity.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ "Social Security Number Allocations". www.ssa.gov . Retrieved October 19, 2018.
External links [edit]
- Social Security Assistants
- United states Social Security Death Index—Database listing over 85 meg SSNs, all of which entered the public domain upon the death of their owners
- "Woolworth SSN Card"—"The background of the nearly misused Social Security number in history" at Snopes
- Social Security Cards Issued by Woolworth: "The most misused SSN of all time was (078-05-1120)."
- Complete list of area number groups from the Social Security Administration
- Social Security Administration's FAQ for Social Security Numbers
- Social Security card application
- Hearing on Removing Social Security Numbers from Medicare Cards—Joint Hearing earlier the Subcommittee on Social Security and Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Ways and Ways, U.Southward. Firm of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, August one, 2012
- How to Supercede a Lost or Stolen Security Card
- Puckett, Carolyn (2009). "The Story of the Social Security Number". Social Security Bulletin. 69 (two): 55–74. PMID 19697506. Retrieved October xix, 2018. (PDF version)
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Security_number
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